問題描述

我正在嘗試組織一些模塊供我自己使用.我有這樣的事情:

lib/__init__.py設置.py富/__init__.py一些對象.py酒吧/__init__.py別的東西.py

在 lib/__init__.py 中，我想定義一些在導入 lib 時要使用的類.但是，如果不將類分成文件并將它們導入__init__.py，我似乎無法弄清楚.

而不是說:

 庫/__init__.py設置.py助手類.py富/__init__.py一些對象.py酒吧/__init__.py別的東西.py從 lib.settings 導入值從 lib.helperclass 導入助手

我想要這樣的東西:

 庫/__init__.py #Helper 在這個文件中定義設置.py富/__init__.py一些對象.py酒吧/__init__.py別的東西.py從 lib.settings 導入值從庫導入助手

有可能嗎，還是我必須將類分離到另一個文件中?

編輯

好的，如果我從另一個腳本導入 lib，我可以訪問 Helper 類.如何從 settings.py 訪問 Helper 類?

此處示例描述了包內引用.我引用子模塊經常需要相互引用".就我而言，lib.settings.py 需要 Helper，而 lib.foo.someobject 需要訪問 Helper，那么我應該在哪里定義 Helper 類?

1. 'lib/ 的父目錄必須在 sys.path 中.

2. 您的lib/__init__.py"可能如下所示:

   來自 .導入設置 # 或者只是在舊 Python 版本上導入設置"類助手(對象):經過

那么下面的例子應該可以工作:

從 lib.settings 導入值從庫導入助手

對問題的編輯版本的回答:

__init__.py 定義了你的包從外部看起來如何.如果您需要在 settings.py 中使用 Helper，則在不同的文件中定義 Helper，例如 'lib/helper.py'.

命令:

$ python import_submodule.py

輸出:

設置幫手lib.settings 中的助手某物lib.foo.someobject 中的助手# ./import_submodule.py導入 fnmatch，操作系統從 lib.settings 導入值從庫導入助手打印對于 os.walk('.') 中的根目錄、目錄和文件:對于 fnmatch.filter(files, '*.py') 中的 f:print "# %s/%s" % (os.path.basename(root), f)打印打開(os.path.join(root, f)).read()打印# lib/helper.py打印幫手"類助手(對象):def __init__(self, module_name):print "Helper in", module_name# lib/settings.py打印設置"導入助手類值(對象):經過helper.Helper(__name__)# lib/__init__.py#from __future__ 導入 absolute_import導入設置、foo.someobject、助手助手 = helper.Helper# foo/someobject.py打印某物"從 .. 導入助手helper.Helper(__name__)# foo/__init__.py導入某個對象

I am trying to organize some modules for my own use. I have something like this:

lib/
  __init__.py
  settings.py
  foo/
    __init__.py
    someobject.py
  bar/
    __init__.py
    somethingelse.py

In lib/__init__.py, I want to define some classes to be used if I import lib. However, I can't seem to figure it out without separating the classes into files, and import them in__init__.py.

Rather than say:

    lib/
      __init__.py
      settings.py
      helperclass.py
      foo/
        __init__.py
        someobject.py
      bar/
        __init__.py
        somethingelse.py

from lib.settings import Values
from lib.helperclass import Helper

I want something like this:

    lib/
      __init__.py  #Helper defined in this file
      settings.py
      foo/
        __init__.py
        someobject.py
      bar/
        __init__.py
        somethingelse.py

from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper

Is it possible, or do I have to separate the class into another file?

EDIT

OK, if I import lib from another script, I can access the Helper class. How can I access the Helper class from settings.py?

The example here describes Intra-Package References. I quote "submodules often need to refer to each other". In my case, the lib.settings.py needs the Helper and lib.foo.someobject need access to Helper, so where should I define the Helper class?

1. 'lib/'s parent directory must be in sys.path.

2. Your 'lib/__init__.py' might look like this:

   from . import settings # or just 'import settings' on old Python versions
   class Helper(object):
         pass
   

Then the following example should work:

from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper

Answer to the edited version of the question:

__init__.py defines how your package looks from outside. If you need to use Helper in settings.py then define Helper in a different file e.g., 'lib/helper.py'.

.
|   `-- import_submodule.py
    `-- lib
    |-- __init__.py
    |-- foo
    |   |-- __init__.py
    |   `-- someobject.py
    |-- helper.py
    `-- settings.py

2 directories, 6 files

The command:

$ python import_submodule.py

Output:

settings
helper
Helper in lib.settings
someobject
Helper in lib.foo.someobject

# ./import_submodule.py
import fnmatch, os
from lib.settings import Values
from lib import Helper

print
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
    for f in fnmatch.filter(files, '*.py'):
        print "# %s/%s" % (os.path.basename(root), f)
        print open(os.path.join(root, f)).read()
        print


# lib/helper.py
print 'helper'
class Helper(object):
    def __init__(self, module_name):
        print "Helper in", module_name


# lib/settings.py
print "settings"
import helper

class Values(object):
    pass

helper.Helper(__name__)


# lib/__init__.py
#from __future__ import absolute_import
import settings, foo.someobject, helper

Helper = helper.Helper


# foo/someobject.py
print "someobject"
from .. import helper

helper.Helper(__name__)


# foo/__init__.py
import someobject

這篇關于如何導入在 __init__.py 中定義的類的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網！