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• 操作系統(tǒng):Windows 10，64 位
• Python 版本:3.6 或更高版本
• Python 編譯器:Nuitka，開(kāi)發(fā)版本 0.5.30rc5
• MSVC 編譯器:Visual Studio 2017 社區(qū)，vcvars64.bat

我將首先解釋如何構(gòu)建我的可執(zhí)行文件.假設(shè)我有一個(gè)文件夾，里面有一個(gè)我想要構(gòu)建的簡(jiǎn)單 python 腳本:

I'll first explain how I build my executable. Suppose I have a folder with a simple python script that I want to build:

buildscript.py 看起來(lái)像這樣:

#####################################################
#               NUITKA BUILD SCRIPT                 #
#####################################################
# Author: Matic Kukovec
# Date: April 2018

import os
import platform


NUITKA = "C:/Python36/Scripts/nuitka3-script.py"  # Path where my nuitka3-script.py is
CWD = os.getcwd().replace("\", "/")
MSVC = "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat"
PYTHON_VERSION = "3.6"
PYTHON_EXE_PATH= "C:/Python36/python.exe"
NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION = 1 # 1 is the safest choice, but you can try more

# Generate command
command = '"{}" amd64 &'.format(MSVC)
command += "{} ".format(PYTHON_EXE_PATH)
command += "{} ".format(NUITKA)
command += "--python-version={} ".format(PYTHON_VERSION)
command += "--output-dir={}/output ".format(CWD)
command += "--verbose "
command += "--jobs={} ".format(NUMBER_OF_CORES_FOR_COMPILATION)
command += "--show-scons "
# command += "--windows-disable-console "
# command += "--icon={}/myicon.ico ".format(CWD)
command += "--standalone "
# command += "--run "
command += "{}/cubeimporter.py ".format(CWD)
os.system(command)

print("END")

構(gòu)建完成后，文件夾如下所示(見(jiàn)下圖).如您所見(jiàn)，可執(zhí)行文件旁邊還有許多其他文件.我可以看到 .dll 和 .pyd 文件.

After the build finishes, the folder looks like this (see picture below). As you can see, there are plenty of other files sitting next to the executable. I can see .dll and .pyd files.

我希望我可以只構(gòu)建一個(gè)獨(dú)立的可執(zhí)行文件.不需要 dll 或其他文件.當(dāng)我將可執(zhí)行文件放在拇指驅(qū)動(dòng)器上并將其粘貼到另一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)(運(yùn)行 Windows 10、64 位)時(shí)，它應(yīng)該可以正常工作.即使那臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上沒(méi)有安裝 Python.

I wish I could build just a standalone executable. No dll- or other files needed. When I put the executable on a thumb drive and stick it into another computer (running Windows 10, 64-bit), it should just work. Even if there is no Python installed on that computer.

Nuitka 可以做到這一點(diǎn)嗎?
如果不是，是否可以使用另一個(gè) Python 編譯器?
請(qǐng)一一提供所有需要的步驟:-)

Is this possible with Nuitka?
If no, is it possible with another Python compiler?
Please provide all the steps needed, one-by-one :-)

推薦答案

單個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件比 Nuitka 更容易，例如PyInstaller:pyinstaller --onefile program.py(要禁用 GUI 應(yīng)用程序的控制臺(tái)窗口，請(qǐng)?zhí)砑?-w 選項(xiàng).

Easier than Nuitka for a single executable is e.g. PyInstaller: pyinstaller --onefile program.py (to disable the console window for GUI applications add the -w option).

要使用 Nuitka 創(chuàng)建單個(gè)可執(zhí)行文件，您可以從生成的文件創(chuàng)建 SFX 存檔.您可以使用生成 program_dist 目錄的 --standalone 選項(xiàng)運(yùn)行 Nuitka.

To create a single executable with Nuitka, you can create a SFX archive from the generated files. You can run Nuitka with the --standalone option which generates a program_dist directory.

然后創(chuàng)建一個(gè) 7-Zip SFX 配置文件 config.txt:<代碼>;!@Install@!UTF-8!GUIMode="2"ExecuteFile="%%T/program_dist/program.exe";!@InstallEnd@!

Create then a 7-Zip SFX config file config.txt: ;!@Install@!UTF-8! GUIMode="2" ExecuteFile="%%T/program_dist/program.exe" ;!@InstallEnd@!

然后從 https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm 獲取 7-Zip SFX (從版本 - 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z)并解壓 7zsd_All_x64.sfx 文件.

Then get the 7-Zip SFX from https://github.com/chrislake/7zsfxmm (from releases – 7zsd_extra_171_3901.7z) and unpack the 7zsd_All_x64.sfx file.

然后將 program_dist 與 7-Zip(因此該文件夾包含在存檔中)打包到 program.7z.然后，可以使用 copy/b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe 創(chuàng)建 SFX.

Pack then the program_dist with 7-Zip (so the folder is included in the archive) to program.7z. Then, an SFX can be created with copy /b 7zsd_All_x64.sfx + config.txt + program.7z single_executable.exe.

在 Unix 上，你也可以自己創(chuàng)建一個(gè) SFX，如果你創(chuàng)建一個(gè) tar 存檔并將它附加到一個(gè) shell 腳本中，它會(huì)提取并解壓縮它，詳情請(qǐng)參閱 https://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005818.

On Unix, you can also create yourself an SFX if you create a tar archive and append it to a shell script which extract it and unpack it, for details see https://www.linuxjournal.com/node/1005818.

這篇關(guān)于在 Windows 10 上使用 Nuitka 將 Python 3.6 腳本編譯為獨(dú)立 exe的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對(duì)大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網(wǎng)！