問題描述

我有一個大型 XML 文檔，已加載到 XmlDocument 中，我想使用 XmlSerializer 類將其中的選定元素反序列化為生成的 .NET 類使用 xsd.exe.

I have a large XML document that I have loaded into an XmlDocument and I want to use the XmlSerializer class to deserialize selected elements from it into a .NET class generated using xsd.exe.

這是迄今為止我嘗試過的 MCVE；xsd 和生成的類在帖子的末尾.如代碼中的注釋中所述，我得到一個 InvalidOperationException - <Cars xmlns:'http://MyNamespace'/>沒想到:

Here's an MCVE of what I've tried so far; the xsd and generated class are at the end of the post. As noted in the comments in the code, I am getting an InvalidOperationException - <Cars xmlns:'http://MyNamespace' /> was not expected:

static string XmlContent = @"
    <RootNode xmlns=""http://MyNamespace"">
        <Cars>
        <Car make=""Volkswagen"" />
        <Car make=""Ford"" />
        <Car make=""Opel"" />
        </Cars>
    </RootNode>";

static void TestMcve()
{
    var doc = new XmlDocument();
    doc.LoadXml(XmlContent);
    var nsMgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
    nsMgr.AddNamespace("myns", "http://MyNamespace");
    var rootSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(RootNode));
    var root = (RootNode) rootSerializer.Deserialize(new XmlNodeReader(doc));
    Console.WriteLine(root.Cars[0].make); // Works fine so far

    var node = doc.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode("myns:Cars", nsMgr);
    Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);
    var carSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Car));
    using (var reader = new XmlNodeReader(node))
    {
        // What I want is a list of Car instances deserialized from
        // the Car child elements of the Cars element.
        // The following line throws an InvalidOperationException
        // "<Cars xmlns:'http://MyNamespace' /> was not expected"
        // If I change SelectSingleNode above to select "myns:Cars/myns:Car"
        // I get "<Car xmlns:'http://MyNamespace' /> was not expected"
        var result = carSerializer.Deserialize(reader);
    }
}

我還想隨后更新我的 Car 類實例，并使用 XmlSerializer 將其插入回文檔中，這是后續問題的主題 如何使用 XmlSerializer 在大文檔中插入節點.

I also want to subsequently update my Car class instance, and insert it back into the document using the XmlSerializer, which is the subject of a follow-up question How to insert a node in a large document using XmlSerializer .

xsd 和生成的類如下:

The xsd and generated classes follow:

<xs:schema xmlns="http://MyNamespace" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
           targetNamespace="http://MyNamespace" 
           elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" 
           version="3.9.0.8">
  <xs:complexType name="Cars">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="Car" type="Car" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="Car">
    <xs:attribute name="make" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="RootNode">
    <xs:sequence>
      <xs:element name="Cars" type="Cars" minOccurs="0"/>
    </xs:sequence>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:element name="RootNode" type="RootNode" />
</xs:schema>

xsd.exe 生成的代碼:

Code generated by xsd.exe:

using System.Xml.Serialization;


/// <remarks/>
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.6.1055.0")]
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(Namespace="http://MyNamespace")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace="http://MyNamespace", IsNullable=false)]
public partial class RootNode {

    private Car[] carsField;

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlArrayItemAttribute(IsNullable=false)]
    public Car[] Cars {
        get {
            return this.carsField;
        }
        set {
            this.carsField = value;
        }
    }
}

/// <remarks/>
[System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("xsd", "4.6.1055.0")]
[System.SerializableAttribute()]
[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
[System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(Namespace="http://MyNamespace")]
public partial class Car {

    private string makeField;

    /// <remarks/>
    [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlAttributeAttribute()]
    public string make {
        get {
            return this.makeField;
        }
        set {
            this.makeField = value;
        }
    }
}

推薦答案

這里有兩個問題:

1. var node = doc.DocumentElement.SelectSingleNode("myns:Cars", nsMgr); 位于 元素——<Car> 節點的重復序列的容器元素 - 但您的 XmlSerializer 被構造為反序列化名為 <Car>.嘗試使用反序列化單個汽車的序列化程序反序列化一系列汽車是行不通的.

[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(Namespace = "http://MyNamespace")]
// Not included!
//[System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace = "http://MyNamespace")]
public partial class Car
{
}

public static partial class XmlNodeExtensions
{
    public static List<T> DeserializeList<T>(this XmlNodeList nodes)
    {
        return nodes.Cast<XmlNode>().Select(n => n.Deserialize<T>()).ToList();
    }

    public static T Deserialize<T>(this XmlNode node)
    {
        if (node == null)
            return default(T);
        var serializer = XmlSerializerFactory.Create(typeof(T), node.LocalName, node.NamespaceURI);
        using (var reader = new XmlNodeReader(node))
        {
            return (T)serializer.Deserialize(reader);
        }
    }
}

public static class XmlSerializerFactory
{
    // To avoid a memory leak the serializer must be cached.
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23897145/memory-leak-using-streamreader-and-xmlserializer
    // This factory taken from 
    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34128757/wrap-properties-with-cdata-section-xml-serialization-c-sharp/34138648#34138648

    readonly static Dictionary<Tuple<Type, string, string>, XmlSerializer> cache;
    readonly static object padlock;

    static XmlSerializerFactory()
    {
        padlock = new object();
        cache = new Dictionary<Tuple<Type, string, string>, XmlSerializer>();
    }

    public static XmlSerializer Create(Type serializedType, string rootName, string rootNamespace)
    {
        if (serializedType == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        if (rootName == null && rootNamespace == null)
            return new XmlSerializer(serializedType);
        lock (padlock)
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer;
            var key = Tuple.Create(serializedType, rootName, rootNamespace);
            if (!cache.TryGetValue(key, out serializer))
                cache[key] = serializer = new XmlSerializer(serializedType, new XmlRootAttribute { ElementName = rootName, Namespace = rootNamespace });
            return serializer;
        }
    }
}

var nodes = doc.DocumentElement.SelectNodes("myns:Cars/myns:Car", nsMgr);
var cars = nodes.DeserializeList<Car>();