問題描述

假設我有以下想要使用 Python 的 ElementTree 修改的 XML:

Assume that I've the following XML which I want to modify using Python's ElementTree:

<root xmlns:prefix="URI">
  <child company:name="***"/>
  ...
</root> 

我正在對 XML 文件進行一些修改，如下所示:

I'm doing some modification on the XML file like this:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('filename.xml')
# XML modification here
# save the modifications
tree.write('filename.xml')

那么 XML 文件看起來像:

Then the XML file looks like:

<root xmlns:ns0="URI">
  <child ns0:name="***"/>
  ...
</root>

如您所見，namepsace prefix 更改為 ns0.我知道使用 ET.register_namespace() 提到 這里.

As you can see, the namepsace prefix changed to ns0. I'm aware of using ET.register_namespace() as mentioned here.

ET.register_namespace() 的問題在于:

1. 你需要知道prefix和URI
2. 它不能與默認命名空間一起使用.

例如如果 xml 看起來像:

e.g. If the xml looks like:

<root xmlns="http://uri">
    <child name="name">
    ...
    </child>
</root>

它將被轉換為:

<ns0:root xmlns:ns0="http://uri">
    <ns0:child name="name">
    ...
    </ns0:child>
</ns0:root>

如您所見，默認命名空間更改為ns0.

As you can see, the default namespace is changed to ns0.

有沒有辦法用ElementTree解決這個問題?

Is there any way to solve this problem with ElementTree?

推薦答案

ElementTree 將替換那些未使用 ET.register_namespace 注冊的命名空間前綴.要保留命名空間前綴，您需要先注冊它，然后再將修改寫入文件.以下方法完成這項工作并在全局范圍內注冊所有命名空間，

ElementTree will replace those namespaces' prefixes that are not registered with ET.register_namespace. To preserve a namespace prefix, you need to register it first before writing your modifications on a file. The following method does the job and registers all namespaces globally,

def register_all_namespaces(filename):
    namespaces = dict([node for _, node in ET.iterparse(filename, events=['start-ns'])])
    for ns in namespaces:
        ET.register_namespace(ns, namespaces[ns])

這個方法應該在ET.parse方法之前調用，這樣命名空間將保持不變，

This method should be called before ET.parse method, so that the namespaces will remain as unchanged,

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
register_all_namespaces('filename.xml')
tree = ET.parse('filename.xml')
# XML modification here
# save the modifications
tree.write('filename.xml')

這篇關于在 Python 中通過 ElementTree 解析 xml 時如何保留命名空間的文章就介紹到這了，希望我們推薦的答案對大家有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持html5模板網！