問題描述

我在 Windows 機器上使用 IPython 和 Spyder IDE.當 IDE 啟動時，會加載一組 py 文件來定義一些使我的工作更輕松的函數.一切正常.

I'm working with IPython and Spyder IDE on a Windows machine. When the IDE is starting, a set of py-files is loaded to define some functions that make my work a bit easier. Everything works as expected.

現在我想升級其中一個功能以使用多處理，但在 Windows 上，這需要 if __name__ == "__main__": 語句.因此，我似乎無法直接調用該函數并從 IPython 控制臺傳遞參數.

Now I would like to upgrade one of these function to use multiprocessing, but on Windows this requires the if __name__ == "__main__": statement. So it seems that I cannot call the function directly and pass the arguments from the IPython console.

例如，其中一個 py 文件(我們稱之為 test.py)可能類似于以下代碼.

For example one of the py-files (let's call it test.py) could look like the following code.

import multiprocessing as mp
import random
import string

# define a example function
def rand_string(length, output):
    """ Generates a random string of numbers, lower- and uppercase chars. """
    rand_str = ''.join(random.choice(
                string.ascii_lowercase
                + string.ascii_uppercase
                + string.digits)
           for i in range(length))
    output.put(rand_str)


def myFunction():
    # Define an output queue
    output = mp.Queue()        

    # Setup a list of processes that we want to run
    processes = [mp.Process(target=rand_string, args=(5, output)) for x in range(4)]

    # Run processes
    for p in processes:
        p.start()

    # Exit the completed processes
    for p in processes:
        p.join()

    # Get process results from the output queue
    results = [output.get() for p in processes]

    print(results)

在我的 IPython 控制臺中，我想使用該行

In my IPython console I would like to use the line

myFunction()

觸發所有計算.但在 Windows 上，最終會出現 BrokenPipe 錯誤.

to trigger all the calculations. But on Windows a end up getting a BrokenPipe error.

當我放

if __name__ == "__main__":
     myFunction()

在 py 文件的末尾并運行完整的文件

at the end of the py-file and run the complete file by

runfile(test.py)

它有效.當然.但這使得向函數傳遞參數變得非常困難，因為我總是必須編輯 test.py 文件本身.

it works. Of course. But that makes it very hard to pass arguments to the function as I always have to edit the test.py-file itself.

推薦答案

所以，我解決了那個具體問題.

So, I solved that specific problem.

1. 把rand_string的定義放在一個單獨的文件中，叫做test2.

1. Put the defintion of rand_string in a separate file, called test2.

將 test2 作為模塊導入我的 test.py 腳本

Import test2 as module into my test.py script

將 test2 導入為 test2

修改以下行以訪問 test2 模塊

modify the following line to access the test2 module

processes = [mp.Process(target=test2.rand_string, args=(5, output)) for x in range(4)]